Dynamic behavior of droplet transport on realistic gas diffusion layer with inertial effect via a unified lattice Boltzmann method

The dynamic behavior of liquid droplets on a reconstructed real gas diffusion layer (GDL) surface with the inertial effect produced by the three dimensional (3D) flow channel is investigated using an improved pseudopotential multiphase model within the unified lattice Boltzmann model (ULBM) framework, which can realize thermodynamic consistency and tunable surface tension. The microstructure of the GDL (Toray-090) including carbon fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is reconstructed by a stochastic and mixed-wettability model. The critical force formulation for the Cassie-Wenzel transition of a droplet on GDL surface is derived. The effects of inertia and contact angles on the liquid droplet transport process on a reconstructed real GDL surface with a 3D flow channel are investigated. The results show the normalized center-of-mass coordinate X may enter the channel wall area or fluctuate around the initial position. With increased inertia applied on the droplet, the normalized center-of-mass coordinate Y grows faster and the normalized center-of-mass coordinate Z decreases. It is found by the ULBM for the first time that the liquid droplet is pushed back into the GDL by inertial effect. With the increase of inertia and the decrease of contact angle of GDL, both the droplet penetration depth in GDL and the droplet invasion fraction increase. The droplet invasion fraction in GDL is up to 30%.     

Analysis of surface and interior degradation of gas diffusion layer with accelerated stress tests for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

The effects of surface and interior degradation of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) on the performance and durability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been investigated using three freeze-thaw accelerated stress tests (ASTs). Three ASTs (ex-situ, in-situ, and new methods) are designed from freezing ?30 °C to thawing 80 °C by immersing, supplying, and bubbling, respectively. The ex-situ method is designed for surface degradation of the GDL. Change of surface morphology from hydrophobic to hydrophilic by surface degradation of GDL causes low capillary pressure which decreased PEMFC performance. The in-situ method is designed for the interior degradation of the GDL. A decrease in the ratio of the porosity to tortuosity by interior degradation of the GDL deteriorates PEMFC performance. Moreover, the new method showed combined effects for both surface and interior degradation of the GDL. It was identified that the main factor that deteriorated the fuel cell performance was the increase in mass transport resistance by interior degradation of GDL. In conclusion, this study aims to investigate the causes of degraded GDL on the PEMFC performance into the surface and interior degradation and provide the design guideline of high-durability GDL for the PEMFC.     

马氏体-奥氏体复合钢复合层数对组织性能的影响

 开发更高性能的钢铁材料是促进“双碳”目标达成的有效途径之一。引入碳扩散是制备超高强度-高塑性复合钢的有效方法。在课题组前期研究基础上,利用真空热轧的方式制备不同层数的复合钢。通过增加层数,减小了复合钢内各层的厚度,复合钢在1 150 ℃热轧复合后继续保温过程,实现碳元素从高碳层向低碳层的扩散。利用扫描电子显微镜、FEI-透射电子显微镜及X射线衍射仪对组织及相组成进行了分析,利用电子探针显微分析仪测量了元素分配情况,并进行了硬度和拉伸性能测试。结果表明,随着层数的增加,复合钢内碳元素分布发生了明显的变化,马氏体层内部的碳含量逐渐升高,奥氏体层内部的碳含量逐渐降低,碳元素浓度差逐渐降低。同时,复合钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度和总伸长率呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。当复合钢内层数为9、11层时,其强度和塑性均超过单层马氏体钢;均匀伸长率随复合钢层数的增加而逐渐提高,15层复合钢取得了最大值(约10.1%)。9层复合钢获得了最佳的强度和塑性组合,与单层马氏体钢相比,抗拉强度(1 733 MPa)和伸长率(23.6%)分别提高了60 MPa和7.1%;同时其塑性也超过了单层奥氏体钢。此外,随着层数的增加,也导致奥氏体层比例逐渐提高,导致15层复合钢的强度低于单层马氏体钢的强度。     

Thermomechanical stability and inelastic energy dissipation as durability criteria for fuel cell gas diffusion media with pre-assembly effects

In this article, pre-assembly hot-press pressure and thermal expansion effects in gas-diffusion layers (GDLs) are addressed to explore the practicalities of the constitutive model reported in the companion article. A facile technique is proposed to include deformation history dependent residual strain effects. The model is implemented in the numerical environment and compared with widely followed conventional models such as isotropic and orthotropic material models. With the normal and accelerated thermal expansion effects no significant variation in stresses or strains is reported with the compressible GDL model in contrast to the conventional incompressible form of the GDL model. The present work identifies the critical differences with advanced and extended variants of the model along with conventional GDL material models in terms of planar stress/strain distribution and the membrane response. Finally, the model is simulated for micro-cyclic stress loads of varying amplitudes that imitate the real working conditions of fuel cell. The inelastic energy dissipation in GDLs is predicted using the proposed model, which is utilized further to distinguish the safe (elastic) and unsafe (inelastic shakedown) operating limits. The inelastic collapse of GDLs is shown to be a active function of high amplitude micro-cyclic load with high initial clamping load.     

铜基粉末冶金闸瓦温度场分布

研究列车铜基粉末冶金闸瓦刹车时热机耦合特征:(1)建立了闸瓦刹车时的热传导方程;(2)计算了该摩擦材料内的温度分布;(3)计算了任何时刻摩擦材料表面的温度值;(4)在MM-1000试验机上测量了该材料表面的温度,并与计算值进行了比较。根据计算分析结果得出该材料有较好的导热性能。     

凿岩机液压系统动力耦合研究

根据系统状态方程和受力平衡方程等 ,利用液压系统中管路及流体、各功能元件、机械振动之间相互影响而产生的耦合现象 ,针对矿用凿岩机设计了一套液压振动系统。对液压振动系统进行了动态分析研究 ,建立了由液压系统内主要有振动开关阀和溢流阀相互耦合而产生的液体压力p变化的数学模型 ,并对系统工作时液体的动态特性进行了仿真研究和分析     

脉冲射流驱散上隅角积聚瓦斯的理论实验研究

针对“U”采煤工作面上隅角瓦斯积聚,提出了脉冲射流驱散上隅角积聚瓦斯的新理论和新技术。根据相似理论,建立脉冲射流驱散上隅角积聚瓦斯的实验系统,通过实验验证了其科学性、有效性和可行性。实验结果表明：当脉冲射流风机的旋转方向与主风流方向相同时,允散上隅角积聚瓦斯的效果较好,提高脉冲射流的风速和降低旋转的频率可显著地提高驱散上隅角积聚瓦斯的效果。当射流风速为3－5m/s时,可提高风流的扩散系数2－4倍,有效射程可达10m以上,有效地驱散了工作面上隅角的积聚瓦斯。     

CVD法制备的Ir/Re涂层复合材料界面扩散研究

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术制备了Ir/Re 涂层复合材料,并在高温高真空条件下对复合材料样品进行扩散热处理。应用电子扫描波谱法探针研究了Ir/Re复合材料界面Re元素在Ir涂层中的扩散规律。应用半无限大扩散模型进行处理,得到了1400-2000℃温度范围的实验扩散系数,扩散系数与温度之间符合Arrhenius方程。根据实验结果推算,Ir/Re复合材料在2200℃时的工作寿命为47.6小时。     

华丰矿动压低强度介质围岩巷道稳定性模拟

采用FEM与BEM耦合技术对华丰矿受采动影响的底极及两帮为煤层的锚网支护顺槽巷道围岩稳定性进行数值模拟。结果表明，巷道的两帮及底板破坏范围大，变形严重，特别是底板的鼓起变形，是巷道围岩控制的重点。数值模拟结果与实际情况基本吻合，为采取行之有效的支护方式对底板进行加固提供了依据。